The cornea is the transparent, curved layer located at the front of the eye, responsible for focusing light and protecting the eye from external factors. It plays a significant role in vision function.
Corneal Examination Methods A non-ophthalmologist can assess corneal transparency, surface brightness, corneal injuries, and corneal sensitivity using a cotton swab and local light. Ophthalmologists, however, use specific devices to evaluate the morphology and function of the cornea:
Biomicroscopy: Used to binocularly examine the cornea and other structures of the anterior segment. By sending light beams of varying thickness from different angles, the biomicroscope’s magnification is increased, allowing for a detailed examination of the cornea. This is the most commonly used routine examination method.
Keratometry: Measures the refractive power of the cornea. It is used prior to contact lens fitting and intraocular lens implantation.
Topography: Used for the topographic analysis of the anterior surface of the cornea.
Pachymetry: Measures corneal thickness.
Specular Microscopy: Displays the count and structure of endothelial cells.
Esthesiometry: Assesses corneal sensitivity.
Corneal Staining Examination: Surface defects of the cornea can be observed using “fluorescein and rose bengal” solutions.